Victoria AdolphusA recently unearthed Greek papyrus has shed new light on the inner workings of the Roman court system, exposing a complex web of tax fraud, forgery, and possible rebellion in ancient Iudaea. This extraordinary document, published in the journal Tyche, provides a rare glimpse into Roman legal practices, jurisdiction, and daily life in the Roman Near East.
A Rare and Significant Discovery
The papyrus, named P. Cotton in honor of its discoverer, Prof. Hannah Cotton Paltiel, is the longest Greek papyrus ever found in the Judaean Desert, comprising over 133 lines of text. Initially misclassified as Nabataean, the papyrus remained unnoticed for decades until its rediscovery in 2014.
A Glimpse into Roman Legal Proceedings
The papyrus details a Roman court case involving tax fraud, forgery, and the fraudulent sale and manumission of slaves in the Roman provinces of Iudaea and Arabia. The defendants, Gadalias and Saulos, stand accused of corrupt dealings, including forgery, tax evasion, and inciting rebellion.
Insights into Roman Law and Jurisdiction
The document provides valuable insights into Roman law in the Greek-speaking eastern empire, referencing the governor of Iudaea, Tineius Rufus, and Emperor Hadrian’s visit to the region. The case highlights the Roman authorities’ concerns about rebellion and their efforts to maintain control over the provinces.
A Complex Web of Crime and Corruption
The papyrus reveals a complex web of crime and corruption, involving forgery, tax fraud, and possible human trafficking. The defendants’ motives and the origins of the enslaved individuals remain unclear, raising questions about the nature of the crime and the Roman authorities’ response.
A Significant Contribution to Historical Research
The discovery and publication of P. Cotton mark a significant contribution to historical research, providing new insights into Roman legal practices, jurisdiction, and daily life in the Roman Near East. This extraordinary document sheds new light on the complexities of ancient Roman society and the workings of the Roman court system.
